Fig 1: Hyperglycemia and AGEs activate small Rho GTPases in endothelial cells and increase ROS production. BMVEC were exposed to high glucose or AGEs. Rho A (a) and Rac 1 (b) GTPase activity was measured using G-LISA kits (Cytoskeleton Inc.). NSC and CT04 were used as Rac 1 and Rho A inhibitors, respectively, and CN04 was a positive control. c. ROS production was quantified in BMVEC. Results were normalized to baseline NT culture, and presented as ±SD from triplicate determinations. **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001 indicate significance vs. NT. ns, non-significant.
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